They also use simple packet representation structures optimized for raw packet I/O rather than for full-fledged protocol stack. The bypass solutions overcome these limitations by pre-allocating packet buffers, mapping those buffers in the application address space and allowing applications to send and receive multiple packets using a single operation (e.g. Moreover, moving networking to userspace facilitates experimentation and improves portability. sk_buff on Linux), NIC register access and interrupts. These limitations are largely due to per-packet size-independent costs: system call, packet copy across user/kernel boundary, VFS layer overheads, dynamic (de)allocation of packet metadata (e.g. Using a traditional socket API a single processor core is not able to send or receive more than 1-2 million packets per second (Mpps) at minimum packet size (60 bytes), despite of much faster modern NICs which support 10-100 Mpps. implementation) in terms of maximum packet rate. bypass projects (DPDK, PF RING), and comes from the performance limitations of the traditional socket API (and the associated O.S. The need for an alternative mechanism and APIs for network I/O has been recognized by several O.S. With Netmap, applications running in two VMs or containers can exchange up to 20-30 Mpps (per-core) at minimum packet size. This talk shows how to write packet processing applications using the Netmap API, and run them inside QEMU VMs, over passed-through Netmap interfaces. Because of its flexibility, performance and ease of use, Netmap is an attractive solution to implement high-speed portable Virtual Network Functions. The Netmap framework provides a simple and efficient user-space API for direct access to Ethernet NICs and other fast software interfaces (e.g., VALE switches, pipes and monitors). ![]() VNF development made easy with netmap A flexible framework for high performance packet processing within QEMU VMs
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